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How to Use Docker

Docker How to use it

This guide provides detailed instructions on using Docker, including commands and solutions to common problems. The Docker commands provided in this guide are platform-independent and should work across different operating systems such as Ubuntu, Debian, and others. For installation instructions specific to your platform, please go to the official Docker documentation at docker.com.

Table of Contents

  1. Docker Group Permissions
  2. Basic Docker Commands
  3. Managing Containers
  4. Accessing Containers
  5. Handling Container Issues
  6. Docker-Compose
  7. Backup and Restore
  8. Security Best Practices
  9. Additional Resources
  10. Your Support
  11. Force Stop and Remove All Containers

Docker Group Permissions

Ensure your user is part of the Docker group to have the necessary permissions:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker

Basic Docker Commands

List all Docker containers

docker ps -a

List running Docker containers

docker ps

Start a Docker container

docker start <container_id_or_name>

Stop a Docker container

docker stop <container_id_or_name>

Remove a Docker container

docker rm <container_id_or_name>

Force remove a Docker container

docker rm -f <container_id_or_name>

View logs of a Docker container

docker logs <container_id_or_name>

Execute a command in a running container

docker exec -it <container_id_or_name> <command>

Managing Containers

Stop and remove all containers

sudo docker stop $(docker ps -aq)
sudo docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

Check which process is using a port

sudo lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN

Restart Docker service

Sometimes restarting the Docker service can help resolve permission issues:

sudo systemctl restart docker

Explicitly stop and remove containers

Find the container IDs and stop and remove them individually:

sudo docker stop d0ef74920923
sudo docker rm -f d0ef74920923

sudo docker stop 24f3cfc93042
sudo docker rm -f 24f3cfc93042

Start Docker daemon in debug mode

sudo dockerd --debug

Verify Docker group membership

Ensure the user is in the Docker group:

groups $USER

Reinstall Docker

If problems persist, consider reinstalling Docker:

sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

Check Docker logs for issues

sudo journalctl -u docker.service

Accessing Containers

Access a running container

docker exec -it <container_id_or_name> /bin/bash

Copy files between host and container

docker cp <source_path> <container_id_or_name>:<destination_path>
docker cp <container_id_or_name>:<source_path> <destination_path>

Docker-Compose

Docker-Compose file example

Create a docker-compose.yml file to define and run multi-container Docker applications:

version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    image: php:7.4-apache
    container_name: lamp-web
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:
      - ./html:/var/www/html
    networks:
      - lamp-network

  db:
    image: mariadb:latest
    container_name: lamp-mariadb
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: example_root_password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: example_db
      MYSQL_USER: example_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: example_password
    command: >
      --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
    volumes:
      - ./mariadb_data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - lamp-network

  phpmyadmin:
    image: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
    container_name: lamp-phpmyadmin
    environment:
      PMA_HOST: lamp-mariadb
      PMA_USER: phpmyadmin_user
      PMA_PASSWORD: phpmyadmin_password
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    networks:
      - lamp-network

networks:
  lamp-network:
    driver: bridge

Start Docker-Compose

Navigate to the directory containing your docker-compose.yml file and start the services:

cd /path/to/your/docker-compose/directory
docker-compose up -d

Check Docker-Compose service status

docker-compose ps

Stop Docker-Compose services

docker-compose down

Backup and Restore

Backup MySQL/MariaDB database

docker exec lamp-mariadb /usr/bin/mysqldump -u example_user --password=example_password example_db > backup.sql

Restore MySQL/MariaDB database

cat backup.sql | docker exec -i lamp-mariadb /usr/bin/mysql -u example_user --password=example_password example_db

Backup website files

tar czvf backup-html.tar.gz -C /path/to/your/html/files .

Restore website files

tar xzvf backup-html.tar.gz -C /path/to/your/html/files

Security Best Practices

Regular Updates

Keep your system and Docker images updated regularly:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
docker pull php:7.4-apache
docker pull mariadb:latest
docker pull phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin

Setup Firewall

Use ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) to restrict access to specific ports:

sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 8003
sudo ufw allow 8004
sudo ufw enable

Use SSH Keys

Avoid using password authentication and use SSH keys instead.

Additional Resources

For more detailed information, go to the official Docker documentation at docker.com.

Your Support

If you find this project useful and want to support it, there are several ways to do so:

  • If you find the white paper helpful, please ⭐ it on GitHub. This helps make the project more visible and reach more people.
  • Become a Follower: If you're interested in updates and future improvements, please follow my GitHub account. This way you'll always stay up-to-date.
  • Learn more about my work: I invite you to check out all of my work on GitHub and visit my developer site https://volkansah.github.io. Here you will find detailed information about me and my projects.
  • Share the project: If you know someone who could benefit from this project, please share it. The more people who can use it, the better. If you appreciate my work and would like to support it, please visit my GitHub Sponsor page. Any type of support is warmly welcomed and helps me to further improve and expand my work.

Thank you for your support! ❤️

Force Stop and Remove All Containers

For developers and users who need to forcefully stop and remove all Docker containers, especially when dealing with containers with misconfigured permissions:

Add user to Docker group

Ensure your user is part of the Docker group to have the necessary permissions:

sudo usermod -aG docker your_username

Switch to Docker group

newgrp docker

Verify user is in Docker group

groups your_username

Set permissions for Docker socket

sudo chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock

Restart Docker service (Snap-specific)

sudo systemctl restart snap.docker.dockerd.service

Verify Docker installation

docker run hello-world

Force stop and remove all containers

sudo docker stop $(sudo docker ps -aq)
sudo docker rm $(sudo docker ps -aq) --force
sudo systemctl restart docker

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