snc.c

/***
	This file is part of Simple numbers converter.

	Copyright (C) 2021 Aleksandr D. Goncharov (Joursoir) <chat@joursoir.net>

	Simple numbers converter is free software; you can redistribute it
	and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
	as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
	of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

	Simple numbers converter is distributed in the hope that it will be
	useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty
	of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "snc.h"

void push(struct stack **head, char ch)
{
	struct stack *temp = malloc(sizeof(struct stack));
	temp->next = *head;
	temp->ch = ch;
	*head = temp;
}

char pop(struct stack **head)
{
	struct stack *temp = *head;
	char ch = (*head)->ch;
	*head = (*head)->next;
	free(temp);
	return ch;
}

void usage()
{
	printf("SNC (Simple numbers converter)\n"
			"Copyright (C) 2021 Aleksandr D. Goncharov\n"
			"SNC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"
			"it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as\n"
			"published by the Free SoftwareFoundation; either version\n"
			"2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\n"
			"\n"
			"Synopsis: snc [OPTION] ... [NUMBER]\n"
			"Option:\n"
			"\t-h, --help\n"
			"\t\tPrint this text.\n"
			"\t-i, --input\n"
			"\t\t****\n"
			"\t-o, --output\n"
			"\t\t****\n"
			"\t-a, --alphabet\n"
			"\t\tOutput numeral system. Arabic is used by default\n"
			"\t-A, --list-alphabets\n"
			"\t\tPrint valid alphabets\n");
}

int getRomanValue(char symbol)
{
	switch(symbol)
	{
		case 'I': return SNC_ROMAN_I; // have triple notation
		case 'V': return SNC_ROMAN_V;
		case 'X': return SNC_ROMAN_X; // have triple notation
		case 'L': return SNC_ROMAN_L;
		case 'C': return SNC_ROMAN_C; // have triple notation
		case 'D': return SNC_ROMAN_D;
		case 'M': return SNC_ROMAN_M; // have triple notation
		default: return 0;
	}
}

int romanToArabic(char *str)
{
	int answer = 0;
	int last_value = 0;
	int amount_char = 0;
	while(*str)
	{
		int cur_value = getRomanValue(*str);
		if(cur_value == 0)
			return -1;

		if(last_value == cur_value || last_value == 0) {
			if(amount_char >= 3)
				return -1;
			answer += cur_value;
			if(cur_value == SNC_ROMAN_V || cur_value == SNC_ROMAN_L
					|| cur_value == SNC_ROMAN_D) {
				if(amount_char > 1) return -1;
			}

			amount_char++;
		}
		else if(last_value > cur_value) {
			answer += cur_value;
			amount_char = 1;
		}
		else if(last_value < cur_value) {
			if(amount_char > 1)
				return -1;
			if(last_value * 10 < cur_value)
				return -1;
			if(last_value == SNC_ROMAN_V || last_value == SNC_ROMAN_L
					|| last_value == SNC_ROMAN_D)
				return -1;

			answer += cur_value - 2 * last_value;
			amount_char = 1;
		}
		last_value = cur_value;

		str++;
	}

	return answer;
}

char *arabicToRoman(char *str)
{
	int number = atoi(str);
	if(!number || number > SNC_ROMAN_MAX_NUMBER)
		return NULL;

	const char *units[] = {"","I","II","III","IV",
							"V","VI","VII","VIII","IV"};
	const char *tens[] = {"","X","XX","XXX","XL",
							"L","LX","LXX","LXXX","XC"};
	const char *hundreds[] = {"","C","CC","CCC","CD",
							"D","DC","DCC","DCCC","CM"};
	const char *thousands[] = {"","M","MM","MMM"};
	char *answer = malloc(sizeof(char) * (SNC_ROMAN_MAXLEN + 1));

	strcpy(answer, thousands[number / 1000]);
	strcat(answer, hundreds[number / 100 % 10]);
	strcat(answer, tens[number / 10 % 10]);
	strcat(answer, units[number % 10]);

	return answer;
}

int getValueFromChar(char ch)
{
	switch(ch)
	{
		case '0'...'9':
			return ch - 48;
		case 'A'...'Z':
			return ch - 55; // ch - 65 + 10
		case 'a'...'z':
			return ch - 87; // ch - 97 + 10
		default: return -1;
	}
}

char getCharFromValue(int value)
{
	if(value >= 0 && value <= 9)
		return '0' + value;
	else if(value >= 10 && value <= 36)
		return 'A' - 10 - value;
	return '}';
}

int toTenBase(int base, char *str)
{
	int length = strlen(str);
	int answer = 0;

	while(*str)
	{
		int value = getValueFromChar(*str);
		if(value == -1 || value >= base)
			return -1;
		answer += value * pow(base, --length);
		str++;
	}
	return answer;
}

char *fromTenBaseTo(int base, int number)
{
	int length = 1, i;
	char *answer;
	struct stack *s = NULL;
	while(number >= base)
	{
		push(&s, getCharFromValue(number % base));
		number /= base;
		length++;
	}

	answer = malloc(sizeof(char) * (length+1));
	answer[0] = getCharFromValue(number);
	for(i = 1; s; i++)
		answer[i] = pop(&s);
	answer[length] = '\0';
	return answer;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	if(argc == 1) {
		usage();
		return 0;
	}

	int opt;
	const char short_options[] = "hi:o:a:A";
	const struct option long_options[] = {
		{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
		{"input", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
		{"output", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
		{"alphabet", required_argument, NULL, 'a'},
		{"list-alphabets", no_argument, NULL, 'A'},
		{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
	};

	int convert_from;
	int convert_to = SNC_ARABIC;
	int input_base = 10;
	int output_base = 10;

	while((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options,
		long_options, NULL)) != -1) {
		switch(opt) {
		case 'h': {
			usage();
			return 0;
		}
		case 'i': {
			input_base = atoi(optarg);
			if(input_base == 0) {
				printf("Uncorrect input base\n");
				return 1;
			}
			break;
		}
		case 'o': {
			output_base = atoi(optarg);
			if(output_base == 0) {
				printf("Uncorrect output base\n");
				return 1;
			}
			break;
		}
		case 'a': {
			if(strcmp(optarg, "roman") == 0) {
				convert_to = SNC_ROMAN;
				break;
			}
			else if(strcmp(optarg, "arabic") == 0) {
				convert_to = SNC_ARABIC;
				break;
			}
			// else print all available alphabets
		}
		case 'A': {
			printf("Valid alphabets are: roman, arabic\n");
			return 0;
		}
		default: break;
		}
	}

	char *str_number = argv[optind];
	if(!str_number) {
		usage();
		return 1;
	}

	if(convert_to == SNC_ROMAN && output_base != 10) {
		printf("Roman alphabet support only ten base\n");
		return 1;
	}

	if(atoi(str_number))
		convert_from = SNC_ARABIC;
	else {
		convert_from = SNC_ROMAN;
		if(input_base != 10) {
			printf("Roman alphabet support only ten base\n");
			return 1;
		}
	}

	char *str_arabic = str_number;
	char *str_tenbase;
	char *str_roman;
	int tb_number;

	if(convert_to != convert_from && convert_from == SNC_ROMAN) {
		int temp = romanToArabic(str_number);
		if(temp == -1) {
			printf("%s is not correct roman number.\n", str_number);
			return 1;
		}
		str_arabic = malloc(sizeof(char) * (4+1)); // how define 4?
		sprintf(str_arabic, "%d", temp);
	}

	tb_number = toTenBase(input_base, str_arabic);
	if(str_arabic != str_number)
			free(str_arabic);
	if(tb_number == -1) {
		printf("%s contains not valid chars for %d base system.\n",
			str_number, input_base);
		return 1;
	}

	str_tenbase = fromTenBaseTo(output_base, tb_number);
	if(convert_to != convert_from && convert_from == SNC_ARABIC) {
		str_roman = arabicToRoman(str_tenbase);
		free(str_tenbase);
		if(!str_roman) {
			printf("%s is not correct arabic number.\n", str_roman);
			return 1;
		}
		printf("%s\n", str_roman);
		free(str_roman);
	}
	else {
		printf("%s\n", str_tenbase);
		free(str_tenbase);
	}

	return 0;
}