This library's sole purpose is to make using the WebGL API less verbose.
If you want to get stuff done use three.js. If you want to do stuff low-level with WebGL consider using TWGL.
Not including the shaders (which is a simple quad shader) here's the entire code
<canvas id="c"></canvas>
<script src="../dist/6.x/twgl-full.min.js"></script>
<script>
const gl = document.getElementById("c").getContext("webgl");
const programInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, ["vs", "fs"]);
const arrays = {
position: [-1, -1, 0, 1, -1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 0],
};
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, arrays);
function render(time) {
twgl.resizeCanvasToDisplaySize(gl.canvas);
gl.viewport(0, 0, gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height);
const uniforms = {
time: time * 0.001,
resolution: [gl.canvas.width, gl.canvas.height],
};
gl.useProgram(programInfo.program);
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, programInfo, bufferInfo);
twgl.setUniforms(programInfo, uniforms);
twgl.drawBufferInfo(gl, bufferInfo);
requestAnimationFrame(render);
}
requestAnimationFrame(render);
</script>
WebGL is a very verbose API. Setting up shaders, buffers, attributes and uniforms takes a lot of code. A simple lit cube in WebGL might easily take over 60 calls into WebGL.
At its core there's really only a few main functions
twgl.createProgramInfo
compiles a shader and creates setters for attribs and uniformstwgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays
creates buffers and attribute settingstwgl.setBuffersAndAttributes
binds buffers and sets attributestwgl.setUniforms
sets the uniformstwgl.createTextures
creates textures of various sortstwgl.createFramebufferInfo
creates a framebuffer and attachments.
There's a few extra helpers and lower-level functions if you need them but those 6 functions are the core of TWGL.
Compare the TWGL vs WebGL code for a point lit cube.
TWGL
const programInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, ["vs", "fs"]);
WebGL
// Note: I'm conceding that you'll likely already have the 30 lines of
// code for compiling GLSL
const program = twgl.createProgramFromScripts(gl, ["vs", "fs"]);
const u_lightWorldPosLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_lightWorldPos");
const u_lightColorLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_lightColor");
const u_ambientLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_ambient");
const u_specularLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_specular");
const u_shininessLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_shininess");
const u_specularFactorLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_specularFactor");
const u_diffuseLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_diffuse");
const u_worldLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_world");
const u_worldInverseTransposeLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_worldInverseTranspose");
const u_worldViewProjectionLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_worldViewProjection");
const u_viewInverseLoc = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "u_viewInverse");
const positionLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "a_position");
const normalLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "a_normal");
const texcoordLoc = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "a_texcoord");
TWGL
const arrays = {
position: [1,1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1],
normal: [1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1],
texcoord: [1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1],
indices: [0,1,2,0,2,3,4,5,6,4,6,7,8,9,10,8,10,11,12,13,14,12,14,15,16,17,18,16,18,19,20,21,22,20,22,23],
};
const bufferInfo = twgl.createBufferInfoFromArrays(gl, arrays);
WebGL
const positions = [1,1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1];
const normals = [1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1,0,0,-1];
const texcoords = [1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1];
const indices = [0,1,2,0,2,3,4,5,6,4,6,7,8,9,10,8,10,11,12,13,14,12,14,15,16,17,18,16,18,19,20,21,22,20,22,23];
const positionBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(positions), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
const normalBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, normalBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(normals), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
const texcoordBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, texcoordBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(texcoords), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
const indicesBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indicesBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(indices), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
TWGL
twgl.setBuffersAndAttributes(gl, programInfo, bufferInfo);
WebGL
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(positionLoc, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(positionLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, normalBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(normalLoc, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(normalLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, texcoordBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(texcoordLoc, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(texcoordLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indicesBuffer);
TWGL
// At Init time
const uniforms = {
u_lightWorldPos: [1, 8, -10],
u_lightColor: [1, 0.8, 0.8, 1],
u_ambient: [0, 0, 0, 1],
u_specular: [1, 1, 1, 1],
u_shininess: 50,
u_specularFactor: 1,
u_diffuse: tex,
};
// At render time
uniforms.u_viewInverse = camera;
uniforms.u_world = world;
uniforms.u_worldInverseTranspose = m4.transpose(m4.inverse(world));
uniforms.u_worldViewProjection = m4.multiply(viewProjection, world);
twgl.setUniforms(programInfo, uniforms);
WebGL
// At Init time
const u_lightWorldPos = [1, 8, -10];
const u_lightColor = [1, 0.8, 0.8, 1];
const u_ambient = [0, 0, 0, 1];
const u_specular = [1, 1, 1, 1];
const u_shininess = 50;
const u_specularFactor = 1;
const u_diffuse = 0;
// At render time
gl.uniform3fv(u_lightWorldPosLoc, u_lightWorldPos);
gl.uniform4fv(u_lightColorLoc, u_lightColor);
gl.uniform4fv(u_ambientLoc, u_ambient);
gl.uniform4fv(u_specularLoc, u_specular);
gl.uniform1f(u_shininessLoc, u_shininess);
gl.uniform1f(u_specularFactorLoc, u_specularFactor);
gl.uniform1i(u_diffuseLoc, u_diffuse);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(u_viewInverseLoc, false, camera);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(u_worldLoc, false, world);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(u_worldInverseTransposeLoc, false, m4.transpose(m4.inverse(world)));
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(u_worldViewProjectionLoc, false, m4.multiply(viewProjection, world));
TWGL
const textures = twgl.createTextures(gl, {
// a power of 2 image
hftIcon: { src: "images/hft-icon-16.png", mag: gl.NEAREST },
// a non-power of 2 image
clover: { src: "images/clover.jpg" },
// From a canvas
fromCanvas: { src: ctx.canvas },
// A cubemap from 6 images
yokohama: {
target: gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,
src: [
'images/yokohama/posx.jpg',
'images/yokohama/negx.jpg',
'images/yokohama/posy.jpg',
'images/yokohama/negy.jpg',
'images/yokohama/posz.jpg',
'images/yokohama/negz.jpg',
],
},
// A cubemap from 1 image (can be 1x6, 2x3, 3x2, 6x1)
goldengate: {
target: gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP,
src: 'images/goldengate.jpg',
},
// A 2x2 pixel texture from a JavaScript array
checker: {
mag: gl.NEAREST,
min: gl.LINEAR,
src: [
255,255,255,255,
192,192,192,255,
192,192,192,255,
255,255,255,255,
],
},
// a 1x8 pixel texture from a typed array.
stripe: {
mag: gl.NEAREST,
min: gl.LINEAR,
format: gl.LUMINANCE,
src: new Uint8Array([
255,
128,
255,
128,
255,
128,
255,
128,
]),
width: 1,
},
});
WebGL
// Let's assume I already loaded all the images
// a power of 2 image
const hftIconTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, hftIconImg);
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
// a non-power of 2 image
const cloverTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, hftIconImg);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
// From a canvas
const cloverTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, ctx.canvas);
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
// A cubemap from 6 images
const yokohamaTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, posXImg);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_X, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, negXImg);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Y, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, posYImg);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Y, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, negYImg);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_Z, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, posZImg);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_NEGATIVE_Z, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, negZImg);
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
// A cubemap from 1 image (can be 1x6, 2x3, 3x2, 6x1)
const goldengateTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, tex);
const size = goldengate.width / 3; // assume it's a 3x2 texture
const slices = [0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1];
const tempCtx = document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d");
tempCtx.canvas.width = size;
tempCtx.canvas.height = size;
for (let ii = 0; ii < 6; ++ii) {
const xOffset = slices[ii * 2 + 0] * size;
const yOffset = slices[ii * 2 + 1] * size;
tempCtx.drawImage(element, xOffset, yOffset, size, size, 0, 0, size, size);
gl.texImage2D(faces[ii], 0, format, format, type, tempCtx.canvas);
}
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP);
// A 2x2 pixel texture from a JavaScript array
const checkerTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, 2, 2, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, new Uint8Array([
255,255,255,255,
192,192,192,255,
192,192,192,255,
255,255,255,255,
]));
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
// a 1x8 pixel texture from a typed array.
const stripeTex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.LUMINANCE, 1, 8, 0, gl.LUMINANCE, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, new Uint8Array([
255,
128,
255,
128,
255,
128,
255,
128,
]));
gl.generateMipmaps(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
TWGL
const attachments = [
{ format: RGBA, type: UNSIGNED_BYTE, min: LINEAR, wrap: CLAMP_TO_EDGE },
{ format: DEPTH_STENCIL, },
];
const fbi = twgl.createFramebufferInfo(gl, attachments);
WebGL
const fb = gl.createFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER);
gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fb);
const tex = gl.createTexture();
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, null);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex, 0);
const rb = gl.createRenderbuffer();
gl.bindRenderbuffer(gl.RENDERBUFFER, rb);
gl.renderbufferStorage(gl.RENDERBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_STENCIL, gl.drawingBufferWidth, gl.drawingBufferHeight);
gl.framebufferRenderbuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, gl.RENDERBUFFER, rb);
Given an array of GLSL structures like this
struct Light {
float intensity;
float shininess;
vec4 color;
}
uniform Light lights[2];
TWGL
const progInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [vs, fs]);
...
twgl.setUniforms(progInfo, {
lights: [
{ intensity: 5.0, shininess: 100, color: [1, 0, 0, 1] },
{ intensity: 2.0, shininess: 50, color: [0, 0, 1, 1] },
],
});
WebGL
// assuming we already compiled and linked the program
const light0IntensityLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[0].intensity');
const light0ShininessLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[0].shininess');
const light0ColorLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[0].color');
const light1IntensityLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[1].intensity');
const light1ShininessLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[1].shininess');
const light1ColorLoc = gl.getUniformLocation('lights[1].color');
...
gl.uniform1f(light0IntensityLoc, 5.0);
gl.uniform1f(light0ShininessLoc, 100);
gl.uniform4fv(light0ColorLoc, [1, 0, 0, 1]);
gl.uniform1f(light1IntensityLoc, 2.0);
gl.uniform1f(light1ShininessLoc, 50);
gl.uniform4fv(light1ColorLoc, [0, 0, 1, 1]);
If you just want to set the 2nd light in TWGL you can do this
const progInfo = twgl.createProgramInfo(gl, [vs, fs]);
...
twgl.setUniforms(progInfo, {
'lights[1]': { intensity: 5.0, shininess: 100, color: [1, 0, 0, 1] },
});
- tiny
- twgl cube
- textures
- primitives
- 2d-lines
- dynamic-buffers
- zoom-around
- text
- kaleidoscope
- tunnel
- GPGPU particles
- item list
- no box skybox
- cross origin
- vertex array objects
- instancing
- uniform buffer objects
- 3d textures tone mapping
- samplers
- webgl2 textures
- 3d texture volume
- 3d texture volume no buffers
- 2d array texture
- transform feedback
- transform feedback particles
- transform feedback particles vertex arrays
-
Includes some optional 3d math functions (full version)
You are welcome to use any math library as long as it stores matrices as flat Float32Array or JavaScript arrays.
-
Includes some optional primitive generators (full version)
planes, cubes, spheres, ... Just to help get started
See the examples. Otherwise there's a few different versions
twgl-full.module.js
the es6 module versiontwgl-full.min.js
the minified full versiontwgl-full.js
the concatenated full versiontwgl.min.js
the minimum version (no 3d math, no primitives)twgl.js
the concatenated minimum version (no 3d math, no primitives)
-
from github
-
from bower
bower install twgl.js
-
from npm
npm install twgl.js
or
npm install twgl-base.js
-
from git
git clone https://github.com/greggman/twgl.js.git
TWGL's is an attempt to make WebGL simpler by providing a few tiny helper functions that make it much less verbose and remove the tedium. TWGL is NOT trying to help with the complexity of managing shaders and writing GLSL. Nor is it a 3D library like three.js. It's just trying to make WebGL less verbose.
TWGL can be considered a spiritual successor to TDL. Where as TDL created several classes that wrapped WebGL, TWGL tries not to wrap anything. In fact you can manually create nearly all TWGL data structures.
For example the function setAttributes
takes an object of attributes.
In WebGL you might write code like this
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, positionBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(positionLoc, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(positionLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, normalBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(normalLoc, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(normalLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, texcoordBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(texcoordLoc, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(texcoordLoc);
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, colorsBuffer);
gl.vertexAttribPointer(colorLoc, 4, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, true, 0, 0);
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(colorLoc);
setAttributes
is just the simplest code to do that for you.
// make attributes for TWGL manually
const attribs = {
a_position: { buffer: positionBuffer, size: 3, },
a_normal: { buffer: normalBuffer, size: 3, },
a_texcoord: { buffer: texcoordBuffer, size: 2, },
a_color: { buffer: colorBuffer, size: 4, type: gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, normalize: true, },
};
twgl.setAttributes(attribSetters, attribs);
The point of the example above is TWGL is a thin wrapper. All it's doing is trying to make common WebGL operations easier and less verbose. Feel free to mix it with raw WebGL.