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<!-- front-matter | ||
id: api-vinyl | ||
title: Vinyl | ||
hide_title: true | ||
sidebar_label: Vinyl | ||
--> | ||
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# Vinyl | ||
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A virtual file format. When a file is read by `src()`, a Vinyl object is generated to represent the file - including the path, contents, and other metadata. | ||
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Vinyl objects can have transformations applied using [plugins][using-plugins-docs]. They may also be persisted to the file system using `dest()`. | ||
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When creating your own Vinyl objects - instead of generating with `src()` - use the external `vinyl` module, as shown in Usage below. | ||
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## Usage | ||
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```js | ||
const Vinyl = require('vinyl'); | ||
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const file = new Vinyl({ | ||
cwd: '/', | ||
base: '/test/', | ||
path: '/test/file.js', | ||
contents: new Buffer('var x = 123') | ||
}); | ||
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file.relative === 'file.js'; | ||
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file.dirname === '/test'; | ||
file.dirname = '/specs'; | ||
file.path === '/specs/file.js'; | ||
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file.basename === 'file.js'; | ||
file.basename = 'file.txt'; | ||
file.path === '/specs/file.txt'; | ||
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file.stem === 'file'; | ||
file.stem = 'foo'; | ||
file.path === '/specs/foo.txt'; | ||
file.extname === '.txt'; | ||
file.extname = '.js'; | ||
file.path === '/specs/file.js'; | ||
``` | ||
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## Signature | ||
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```js | ||
new Vinyl([options]) | ||
``` | ||
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### Parameters | ||
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| parameter | type | note | | ||
|:--------------:|:------:|-------| | ||
| options | object | Detailed in [Options][options-section] below. | | ||
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### Returns | ||
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An instance of the Vinyl class representing a single virtual file, detailed in [Vinyl instance][vinyl-instance-section] below. | ||
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### Errors | ||
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When any passed options don't conform to the [instance property definitions][instance-properties-section] (like if `path` is set to a number) throws as defined in the table. | ||
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### Options | ||
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| name | type | default | note | | ||
|:-------:|:------:|-----------|--------| | ||
| cwd | string | `process.cwd()` | The directory from which relative paths will be derived. Will be [normalized][normalization-and-concatenation-section] and have trailing separators removed. | | ||
| base | string | | Used to calculate the `relative` instance property. Falls back to the value of `cwd` if not set. Typically set to the [glob base][glob-base-concepts]. Will be [normalized][normalization-and-concatenation-section] and have trailing separators removed.| | ||
| path | string | | The full, absolute file path. Will be [normalized][normalization-and-concatenation-section] and have trailing separators removed. | | ||
| history | array | `[ ]` | An array of paths to pre-populate the `history` of a Vinyl instance. Usually comes from deriving a new Vinyl object from a previous Vinyl object. If `path` and `history` are both passed, `path` is appended to `history`. Each item will be [normalized][normalization-and-concatenation-section] and have trailing separators removed. | | ||
| stat | object | | An instance of `fs.Stats`, usually the result of calling `fs.stat()` on a file. Used to determine if a Vinyl object represents a directory or symbolic link. | | ||
| contents | ReadableStream <br> Buffer <br> null | null | The contents of the file. If `contents` is a ReadableStream, it is wrapped in a [cloneable-readable][cloneable-readable-external] stream. | | ||
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Any other properties on `options` will be directly assigned to the Vinyl instance. | ||
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```js | ||
const Vinyl = require('vinyl'); | ||
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const file = new Vinyl({ foo: 'bar' }); | ||
file.foo === 'bar'; | ||
``` | ||
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## Vinyl instance | ||
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Each instance of a Vinyl object will have properties and methods to access and/or modify information about the virtual file. | ||
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### Instance properties | ||
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All internally managed paths - any instance property except `contents` and `stat` - are normalized and have trailing separators removed. See [Normalization and concatenation][normalization-and-concatenation-section] for more information. | ||
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| property | type | description | throws | | ||
|:-----------:|:------:|----------------|----------| | ||
| contents | ReadableStream <br> Buffer <br> `null` | Gets and sets the contents of the virtual file. If set to a ReadableStream, it is wrapped in a [cloneable-readable][cloneable-readable-docs] stream. | If set to any value other than a ReadableStream, a Buffer, or `null`. | | ||
| stat | object | Gets and sets an instance of [`fs.Stats`][fs-stats-concepts]. Used when determining if a Vinyl object represents a directory or symbolic link. | | | ||
| cwd | string | Gets and sets the current working directory. Used for deriving relative paths. | If set to an empty string or any non-string value. | | ||
| base | string | Gets and sets the base directory. Used to calculate the `relative` instance property. On a Vinyl object generated by `src()` will be set to the [glob base][glob-base-concepts]. If set to `null` or `undefined`, falls back to the value of the `cwd` instance property. | If set to an empty string or any non-string value (except `null` or `undefined`). | | ||
| path | string | Gets and sets the full, absolute file path. Setting to a value different from the current `path` appends the new path to the `history` instance property. | If set to any non-string value. | | ||
| history | array | Array of all `path` values the Vinyl object has been assigned. The first element (`history[0]`) is the original path and the last element (`history[file.history.length - 1]`) is the current path. This property and its elements should be treated as read-only and only altered indirectly by setting the `path` instance property. | | | ||
| relative | string | Gets the relative path segment between the `base` and the `path` instance properties. | If set to any value. If accessed when `path` is not available. | | ||
| dirname | string | Gets and sets the directory of the `path` instance property. | If accessed when `path` is not available. | | ||
| stem | string | Gets and sets the stem (filename without extension) of the `path` instance property. | If accessed when `path` is not available. | | ||
| extname | string | Gets and sets the extension of the `path` instance property. | If accessed when `path` is not available. | | ||
| basename | string | Gets and sets the filename (`stem + extname`) of the `path` instance property. | If accessed when `path` is not available. | | ||
| symlink | string | Gets and sets the reference path of a symbolic link. | If set to any non-string value. | | ||
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### Instance methods | ||
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| method | return type | returns | | ||
|:----------:|:--------------:|--------| | ||
| `isBuffer()` | boolean | If the `contents` instance property is a Buffer, returns true. | | ||
| `isStream()` | boolean | If the `contents` instance property is a Stream, returns true. | | ||
| `isNull()` | boolean | If the `contents` instance property is `null`, returns true. | | ||
| `isDirectory()` | boolean | If the instance represents a directory, returns true. An instance is considered a directory when `isNull()` returns true, the `stat` instance property is an object, and `stat.isDirectory()` returns true. This assumes a Vinyl object was constructed with a valid (or properly mocked) `fs.Stats` object. | | ||
| `isSymbolic()` | boolean | If the instance represents a symbolic link, returns true. An instance is considered symbolic when `isNull()` returns true, the `stat` instance property is an object, and `stat.isSymbolicLink()` returns true. This assumes a Vinyl object was constructed with a valid (or properly mocked) `fs.Stats` object. | | ||
| `clone([options])` | object | A new Vinyl object with all properties cloned. By default custom properties are deep cloned. If the `deep` option is false, custom attributes will be shallow cloned. If the `contents` option is false and the `contents` instance property is a Buffer, the Buffer will be reused instead of cloned. | | ||
| `inspect()` | string | Returns a formatted interpretation of the Vinyl object. Automatically called by Node's console.log. | | ||
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## Normalization and concatenation | ||
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All path properties are normalized by their setters. Concatenate paths with `/`, instead of using `path.join()`, and normalization will occur properly on all platforms. Never concatenate with `\` - it is a valid filename character on posix system. | ||
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```js | ||
const file = new File(); | ||
file.path = '/' + 'test' + '/' + 'foo.bar'; | ||
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console.log(file.path); | ||
// posix => /test/foo.bar | ||
// win32 => \\test\\foo.bar | ||
``` | ||
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[options-section]: #options | ||
[vinyl-instance-section]: #vinyl-instance | ||
[instance-properties-section]: #instance-properties | ||
[normalization-and-concatenation-section]: #normalization-and-concatenation | ||
[glob-base-concepts]: concepts.md#glob-base | ||
[fs-stats-concepts]: concepts.md#file-system-stats | ||
[using-plugins-docs]: ../getting-started/7-using-plugins.md | ||
[cloneable-readable-external]: https://github.com/mcollina/cloneable-readable |