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prohd0002.xml
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<?xml-model href="../schemata/prohd.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><tei:TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:tei="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="letter" xml:id="prohd0002">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title type="main">Letter from Sheldon to Alexander von Humboldt</title>
<editor>
<persName>
<surname>Kraller</surname>
<forename>Kathrin </forename>
</persName>
</editor>
<funder ref="https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/">Auswärtiges Amt</funder>
<funder ref="https://www.fritz-thyssen-stiftung.de/">Fritz Thyssen Stiftung</funder>
<funder ref="https://www.gerda-henkel-stiftung.de/">Gerda Henkel Stiftung</funder>
</titleStmt>
<editionStmt>
<p>Dossier Digital: Alexander von Humboldt y Cuba (1800-1830). ProHD (<date>2021</date>)</p>
</editionStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<publisher>Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften</publisher>
<availability status="free">
<licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons
(CC BY 4.0) </licence>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc rend="manuscript">
<msIdentifier>
<institution>Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer
Kulturbesitz</institution>
<collection>Nachlass Alexander von Humbolt</collection>
<idno>
<idno type="shelfmark">Nachl. Alexander von Humboldt, gr. Kasten 2,
Mappe 3, Nr. 1</idno>
<idno type="URLImages"
>http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0001698300000000</idno>
</idno>
</msIdentifier>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">Englisch</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract xml:lang="de">
<p>Brief von Daniel Sheldon an Alexander von Humboldt zum Thema Slaverei in den
Vereinigten Staaten und Kuba.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract xml:lang="es">
<p> Carta de Daniel Sheldon a Alexander von Humboldt sobre el tema de la esclavitud
en los Estados Unidos y Cuba. </p>
</abstract>
<correspDesc>
<correspAction type="sent">
<persName key="H0015848">Sheldon, Daniel (1780-1828)</persName>
<date notBefore="1820-05-31" notAfter="1824-03-30" cert="high">31.05.1830 – 30.03.1824</date>
<placeName>Paris</placeName>
</correspAction>
<correspAction type="received">
<persName key="H0012069">Humboldt, Alexander von (1769-1859)</persName>
<date notBefore="1820-05-31" notAfter="1824-03-30" cert="high">31.05.1830 – 30.03.1824</date>
<placeName>Paris</placeName>
</correspAction>
</correspDesc>
<textClass>
<catRef scheme="#genre" target="#correspondence"/>
<catRef scheme="#form" target="#manuscript"/>
<catRef scheme="#subject" target="#slavery"/>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<classDecl>
<taxonomy xml:id="pb-taxonomy">
<category xml:id="genre">
<category xml:id="correspondence"/>
<category xml:id="diaries"/>
<category xml:id="essays"/>
<category xml:id="notebooks"/>
<category xml:id="travelwriting"/>
</category>
<category xml:id="form">
<category xml:id="manuscript"/>
<category xml:id="print"/>
</category>
<category xml:id="subjects">
<category xml:id="administration"/>
<category xml:id="climatology"/>
<category xml:id="coffee"/>
<category xml:id="colonialism"/>
<category xml:id="demography"/>
<category xml:id="economicconditions"/>
<category xml:id="education"/>
<category xml:id="emancipation"/>
<category xml:id="factories"/>
<category xml:id="geography"/>
<category xml:id="medicine"/>
<category xml:id="plantations"/>
<category xml:id="science"/>
<category xml:id="scientificexpedition"/>
<category xml:id="sugar"/>
<category xml:id="slavery"/>
<category xml:id="tobacco"/>
<category xml:id="trade"/>
</category>
</taxonomy>
</classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<div type="writingSession">
<pb n="1r" facs="prohd0002_1r.tif"/>
<p>I have not at hand the means of <lb/>verifying the calculations contained in
your note, <lb/>which after having shown to <choice>
<abbr>M.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>Mister</expan>
</choice> Gallatin, I have now <lb/>the pleasure to return. So far as the United
States <lb/>are concerned, the note which he has furnished, and <lb/>which is
enclosed, will enable you to fill the blank <lb/>left for the number of blacks
taken from Africa <lb/>to furnish the stock of those we possess. Has <lb/>not
the waste also been much less in the Spanish <lb/>and Portuguese colonies, than
in <add place="superlinear">these which remain in the hands of</add> the
English? <lb/>
<choice>
<orig>and</orig>
<reg>And</reg>
</choice> will not the rule of proportion drawn from <lb/>Jamaica, when applied
to them, be too great for <lb/>the number taken from Africa? If you have
<lb/>not good information, and recent, respecting Cuba, <lb/>I would suppose the
present number of slaves in <lb/>that islands rated too low. Since the trade has
<lb/>been kept open there (I believe 15 years) the annual <lb/>importation of
slaves has been very considerable, <lb/>and lately, at least 20,000 a year.</p>
<p>You are perhaps aware that Colquhoun is <lb/>
<pb n="1v" facs="prohd0002_1v.tif"/>a little given to exaggeration and that his
<lb/>calculations must be received with some allowance.</p>
<p>With the greatest considerations & regard <lb/>I have the honor to be, my
dear Sir, <lb/>your most obedient servant <lb/>D. Sheldon <lb/>
<date>Friday 31 May</date>
</p>
<p>
<pb n="2r" facs="prohd0002_2r.tif"/>
<choice>
<abbr>M.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>Mister</expan>
</choice> Sheldon has the honor to enclose <lb/>the note respecting the
population of the United <lb/>States which he promised to <choice>
<abbr>M.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>Monsieur</expan>
</choice> de Humboldt. It <lb/>shows that the proportions between the sexes are
<lb/>nearly the same among the slaves as in the white <lb/>population. In the
free-colored population the <lb/>proportion of females is much greater; a
circumstance <lb/>doubtless owing to the greater number of females
<lb/>manumitted than of males. The females of this class <lb/>in the United
States, as probably every where else where <lb/>the mixed race exists, are the
most dissolute and least <lb/>productive portion of the population. Thus,
although <lb/>this class receives an increase by manumissions <lb/>continually,
its total increase is less than that of <lb/>any other; a striking proof of the
smaller number <lb/>of cildren produced by the women belonging to it. </p>
<p>
<date>Tuesday 25.<hi rendition="#sup">th</hi> May</date>
</p>
<p>
<pb n="2v" facs="prohd0002_2v.tif"/>
<gap unit="pages" quantity="1" reason="empty"/>
</p>
<p>
<pb n="3r" facs="prohd0002_3r.tif"/>On comparing the result of this Census, with
that of 1810, the following proportions are found:</p>
<p>
<table rows="4" cols="3">
<row>
<cell>The <hi rendition="#u">total</hi> population in 1810 was
7,239,903;</cell>
<cell>- in 1820, it was 9,625,547;</cell>
<cell>- increase 33 <choice>
<abbr>p<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>The <hi rendition="#u">white</hi>
<choice>
<abbr>popul.<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>population</expan>
</choice> .. in 1810 was 5,862,093;</cell>
<cell>- in 1820, … 7,856,082;</cell>
<cell>- increase 34 <choice>
<abbr>p<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>The <hi rendition="#u">Slaves</hi> …. in 1810 were
1,191,364;</cell>
<cell>- in 1820, …. 1,531,436;</cell>
<cell>- increase 28 5/10 <choice>
<abbr>p.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>. <choice>
<sic>*</sic>
<corr type="deleted"/>
</choice>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>The <hi rendition="#u">free colored</hi>
<choice>
<abbr>popul.<hi rendition="#sup">a</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>population</expan>
</choice> in 1810 was 186,446;</cell>
<cell>- in 1820, …. 238,029;</cell>
<cell>- increase 27 2/3 <choice>
<abbr>p<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>.</cell>
</row>
</table>
</p>
<p>Although the increase of the <hi rendition="#u">white</hi> population throughout
the United States is 34 <choice>
<abbr>p<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>, <lb/>this population (the <hi rendition="#u">white</hi>) has
increased in the <hi rendition="#u">slave-states</hi> at a less rate than the
<hi rendition="#u">slave-<choice>
<abbr>populat<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>population</expan>
</choice>
</hi>
<lb/>in the same states. Thus, the <hi rendition="#u">white</hi> population in
those states (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,<lb/>
<note place="left" hand="#humboldt">tournez</note>:
North-Carolina, South-Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,
Missouri, Kentucky, <lb/>Tennessee, the Territory of <choice>
<orig>Arkansour</orig>
<reg>Arkansas</reg>
</choice>, and the Disctrict of Columbia) was in 1810, 2,208,785, and <lb/>in
1820, 2,825,391, making an increase of 28 <choice>
<abbr>p.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>, and at the same epochs, the <hi rendition="#u">slave-<choice>
<abbr>popul.<hi rendition="#sup">n</hi>
</abbr>
<expan>population</expan>
</choice>
</hi>
<lb/>
<note place="left" hand="#author">
<hi rendition="#u">Cuba</hi>
</note>was 1,163,794, and 1,512,331 repectively, making an increase of 30 <choice>
<abbr>p.<hi rendition="#sup">r</hi>%</abbr>
<expan>percent</expan>
</choice>, a proof both that the <lb/>slaves are generally well-treated, and
that the climate is more congenial to them than to the whites. <lb/>The residue
of the slaves, constituting the whole slave-population of the United States, are
thinly scattered <lb/>through three or four of the other States, <gap unit="words" quantity="1" reason="illegible"/> the remnants of those which
existed before slavery was <lb/>there abolished, and are yearly diminuishing in
numbers, theirchildren being born free.</p>
<p>
<pb n="3v" facs="prohd0002_3v.tif"/>
<choice>
<sic>Esclave</sic>
<corr cert="high">Esclaves</corr>
</choice> des <lb/>Étas Unis <lb/>
<hi rendition="#uu">Cuba</hi>
</p>
<p>Souvent si mal <unclear reason="illegible" cert="high">imprimé</unclear>
<gap quantity="1" reason="lost" unit="words"/>
<lb/>exemple un vrai nombre 5,3 <gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>donne 5,308844. Seybert (<gap unit="words" quantity="1" reason="illegible"/>
<gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>Mr Harvey <del rendition="#s">donne</del> (<gap reason="illegible" unit="words" quantity="1"/> Phil<gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>5.309 758.</p>
<p>Mr Harvey donne les <gap unit="chars" quantity="2" reason="illegible"/>
<gap quantity="1" reason="lost" unit="words"/>
<lb/>accroissement de la p<supplied cert="high">opulation</supplied>
<gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>
<gap unit="words" quantity="1" reason="illegible"/>(p 41-55) <gap unit="words" quantity="1" reason="illegible"/>
<gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>de 35, I. 36, I <gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>qui commence à <gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
<lb/>qui de 2 à 3 <gap unit="words" quantity="1" reason="illegible"/>
<lb/>de l'accroissement <gap quantity="1" unit="words" reason="lost"/>
</p>
<p>
<pb n="4r" facs="prohd0002_4r.tif"/>
<gap unit="pages" quantity="1" reason="empty"/>
</p>
<p>
<pb n="4v" facs="prohd0002_4v.tif"/>
<gap unit="pages" quantity="1" reason="empty"/>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</tei:TEI>