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VIM Tips

Help

  • :help help.txt ---> all documents(help home page)
  • :help index.txt ---> a list of all commands for each mode
  • :help motion.txt ---> cursor motions
  • :help scroll.txt ---> scroll page up/down/left/right
  • :help pattern.txt ---> Search and replace used patterns, e.g. regular expression, exscaping, etc.
  • :help magic ---> Use magic to ease pattern escaping
  • :help object-select ---> How to select a word, inner word, etc.
  • :help cmdline.txt ---> Command line mode help
  • :help function-list ---> builtin functions of vim (:help functions also work)
  • :help option-list ---> a list/toc of all vim options, such as viminfo, etc.
  • :help keycodes ---> List key codes
  • :help key-notation ---> list all recognized keys (for key map definition)

Commands

  • his / q:---> list command history

  • :sav <name> ---> Save the file as

  • :set ---> list all currently options which are different from the default

  • :version ---> Check features enabled/compiled in vim

  • :colorscheme desert ---> Change color schemes

  • :set [no]wrap ---> world wrap

  • :set relativenumber ---> Show line number relatively based on current line

  • :messages ---> Show all messages, including errors

  • :echo &abc ---> Show the value of an option/value

  • :echo &buftype ---> Show current file's buffer type(quickfix, location list, etc.)

  • :retab ---> Replace tab as space based on tabstop

  • :RemoveTrailingSpaces ---> Remove all trailing spaces

  • :ccl / :cclose ---> Close quickfix window (:h quickfix)

  • :lcl / :lclose ---> Close location list window(:h location-list)

  • :set autoread ---> Auto read file if the external file has changed(such as a live log file)

  • :set conceallevel=0 ---> Stop hiding quotes for some files, such as json, markdown

  • :help filetype-overview ---> help for filetype plugin indent

  • :map ---> list all currently mapped keys

  • :verbose <command> ---> Show verebose information while running a command

    :help key-notation
:verbose imap <tab>
:verbose nmap <c-q>
:verbose nmap qq

  • :List supported file types and syntax highlight

    :echo glob($VIMRUNTIME . '/ftplugin/*.vim') ---> List supported(builtin) file types
:echo glob($VIMRUNTIME . '/syntax/*.vim')   ---> List supported(builtin) syntax highlight

  • Get Values - :set <option name>? ---> Get option value, e.g., set ft? - :echo <variable name>/&<option name>/&l:<local variable name>/@<register name>

Shortcuts

  • * ---> Search the word under the cursor
  • K ---> Open the manual(man) for the word under the cursor
  • Ctrl + p ---> Auto complete
  • Ctrl + y ---> Insert without line break for auto completition
  • Ctrl + n/p ---> Select the next/previous choice from the auto completition list
  • Ctrl + ] ---> Jump to the section under the cursor while browsing VIM documents (such as :help index)
  • Ctrl + ^ ---> Jump back to origin file from alternative file
  • Ctrl + u/d ---> Scroll up/down half screen (:help usr_03.txt)
  • Ctrl + b/f ---> Scroll back/forward one full screen
  • {} ---> Jump to previous/next paragraph
  • Ctrl + G ---> Show the full path of the file being edited
  • Reference ---> Refer to https://vim.rtorr.com/

Keymap

  • :map -> check existing map - :map <C-e>: checking the current key mapping for Ctr + e - :verbose map <C-e>: checking the current key mapping for Ctr + e with verbose information - :verbose imap <Tab>: checking the current key mapping for Tab with verbose information
  • Examples - map <C-n> :NERDTreeToggle<CR> - map <C-t> :Tagbar<CR>

Select

  • v - select range of text
  • shift + v - select extire lines
  • v/shift + v XG - select from current/line to the X line
  • ctrl + v - select columns(may be some other key maps based on customization)
  • v/foo - select from current position to the next instance of 'foo', n to next 'foo', ...
  • ggvG - select all
  • ma -> :<line num> -> shift + v -> 'a - select from mark 'a' to line num

Copy

  • Copy all: ggyG

Delete

  • Delete until/upto(also valid for c/y) - t/f
    • dtx: delete until next character 'x'
    • dfx: delete up to the previous character 'x'
  • Delete until based on search - d/<pattern>
  • Delete based on object-selection
    • daw
    • diw
    • dab
    • ...
  • Delete the whole line matching a pattern
    • :help :g
    • :g/pattern/d
  • Delete the whole line which does not match a pattern
    • :help :v
    • :v/pattern/d

Vertical Edit

Ctrl + V ---> column mode
           |
           V
Select the columns and rows
           |
           V
Shift + I ---> insert mode in column mode
           |
           V
       Type text
           |
           V
          Esc

Jumplist

  • :jumps ---> Display Jumplist
  • Ctrl + o ---> Jump backward
  • Ctrl + i ---> Jump forward

Macro

  • q<letter>: start recording to register letter, say d
  • cmds : commands to make changes
  • q : stop recording
  • @<letter>: execute macro from register letter, say from register d
  • @@ : execute the macro again

Tabs

References

Digraphs

  • help digraphs:digraph intro
  • help i_CTRL-V_digit:how to enter special chars
  • help digraph-table:find the special chars to be used, and remember their hex representations, e.g., 0x00 and 2218
  • input the special chars: enter insert mode -> <C-v>u<hex num. w/o 0x>, e.g., <C-v>u00, <C-v>u2218

MISC Tips

Viewports

Split

  • :help split
  • shortcuts:
    • <C-w>n : new horizontal split (editing a new empty buffer)
    • <C-w>s : split window horizontally (editing current buffer)
    • <C-w>v : vsplit window vertically (editing current buffer)
    • <C-w>c : close window
    • <C-w>o : close all windows, leaving only the current window open
  • commands:
    • :sp : split window horizontally (editing current buffer)
    • :vsp : vsplit window vertically (editing current buffer)
    • :sp <file> : open file in a horizontally splitted window
    • :vsp <file> : opne file in a vertically splitted window
    • :new : split window horizontally (editing an new/empty buffer)
    • :vnew : vsplit window vertically (editing an new/empty buffer)
  • split with an exisitng buffer
    • :sb <num> : split horizontally and edit the existing buffer <num>
    • :vert[ical] sb <num> : split vertically and edit the existing buffer <num>

Move/Rotate

  • :help wincmd
  • <C-w>r/R : rotate
  • <C-w>K/J : rotate to top/bottom
  • <C-w>H/L : rotate to left/right
  • <C-w>T : move the splitted window as a tabview(another way to maximize window)
  • <C-w>w : go to next window
  • <C-w>p : go to previous window
  • <C-w> + Up/Down/Left/Right : go to window above/below/left/right

Resize

  • <C-w>| : maximize currentl vertically splitted window
  • <C-w>_ : maximize current horizontally splitted window
  • <C-w>= : make window size equally
  • OR
  • :resize +/- <num>
  • :vert[ical] resize +/- <num>

Search whole word

/\<word\>

Reverse Search

Search lines which do not contain a word (refer to https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Search_for_lines_not_containing_pattern_and_other_helpful_searches):

/\v^((.*word.*)@!.)*$
/\v^(.*word)@!.*$

Explanations:

  • \v: magic pattern (:help magic), ease the use of escape for special characters
  • @!: does not match the preceding word

Search within a range

# :help search-range
# search "pattern" between line 100(\%>100l) and 200(\%<200l)
/\%>100l\%<200lpattern

Search/Replace respecting case

  • <pattern>c or c<pattern>(help \c): ignore case search/replace
  • <pattern>C or C<pattern>(help \C): search/replace respecting case
  • Examples:
    • /helloc: match hello, Hello, HELLO, etc.
    • /HelloC: match only Hello

Replace with complicated expression

Use \=: the result of evaluating the following expression.

Examples:

  • Insert current line num. before each line

    :%s/^/\=printf('%-4d', line('.'))

  • Insert current line num. relative to the selection

    :'<,'>s/^\S/\=printf("%d.\t", line(".") - line("'<") + 1)

vimdiff

  • :h diff.txt - get help
  • ]c - next difference
  • [c - previous difference
  • do - diff obtain
  • dp - diff put
  • zo - open folded text
  • zc - close folded text
  • :diffupdate - re-scan the files for differences

Profiling

Some plugins may lead to vim slow reponse. Profiling can help identify the culprit.

:profile start profile.log
:profile func *
:profile file *
" At this point do slow actions
:profile pause
:noautocmd qall!

Change file type/format

  • set ft? - Show current filetype

  • set ft=text/log/json/... - Set file type

  • set ff? - Show fileformat, which is local to each buffer

  • set ffs? - Show fileformats, which is global and specifies which file formats will be tried when Vim reads a file

  • Covert dos/unix to unix

    :update
:e ++ff=dos
:setlocal ff=unix
:w

  • Convert from dos/unix to dos

    :update
:e ++ff=dos
:w

Capital and lower words

  • Select lines to be capitalized/lowered with visual selection
  • U/u

Replace and refer to original data

  • Use () to store matches
  • Use x to refer to the saved contents, 0 is the full original content, 1 is the first match, etc.
  • Refer to :help regexp for re details
  • r equals new line
:%s/\(content1\):\(content2\)/\1\r\2/

Non-greedy Operations

By default, search and replace in vim are greedy. To perform non-greedy operations, use ".\{-}" instead of ".*". Refer to :help non-greedy for details.

Show full path of a file

  • Shortcut: 1, then Ctrl + G
  • Status line: set statusline+=%F

Define a custom command

# create a command "TagbarToggle" which calls VoomToggle markdown for ft=markdown
# since TagbarToggle already exists, this works as an overwriting when current buffer
# is with ft=markdown
# refer to :help command for "command" details
autocmd FileType markdown call SetVoomMD()
function SetVoomMD()
  command! -buffer TagbarToggle VoomToggle markdown
endfunction

Debug log

# vim.log will record all debug info with verbose lever 9, default is 10
vim -V9vim.log /path/to/some/file

Shortcut to current file w/ cmdline mode

# % stands for current file name w/ cmdline mode
# :help filename-modifiers
:Git add %
:python %