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phon_slovak.py
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phon_slovak.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
"""Phonetic transcription of Slovak language."""
import re
import sys
# function for the phonetic transcription of Slovak language to IPA
def ipa_slovak(text):
"""Phonetic transcription to IPA of given Slovak text or word."""
# set transription table (IPA)
vowels = {'a': 'a', 'e': 'ɛ', 'i': 'ɪ', 'y': 'ɪ', 'o': 'ɔ', 'u': 'u',
'á': 'aː', 'é': 'ɛː', 'í': 'iː', 'ý': 'iː', 'ó': 'ɔː',
'ú': 'uː', 'ô': 'u̯ɔ', 'ä': 'æ'}
sonors = {'l': 'l', 'm': 'm', 'n': 'n', 'ň': 'ɲ', 'r': 'r', 'j': 'j',
'ŕ': 'rː', 'ĺ': 'ɭː', 'ľ': 'ʎ'}
voice_voice = {'dz': 'd͡z', 'dž': 'd͡ʒ', 'v': 'v', 'g': 'ɡ', 'b': 'b',
'z': 'z', 'ž': 'ʒ', 'd': 'd', 'ď': 'ɟ', 'h': 'ɦ',
'ch': 'ɣ', 'x': 'ks', 'w': 'v', 'q': 'kv'}
voice_voiceless = {'dz': 't͡s', 'dž': 't͡ʃ', 'v': 'f', 'g': 'k', 'b': 'p',
'z': 's', 'ž': 'ʃ', 'd': 't', 'ď': 'c', 'h': 'x',
'ch': 'x', 'x': 'ks', 'w': 'f', 'q': 'kf'}
voiceless_voiceless = {'c': 't͡s', 'č': 't͡ʃ', 'f': 'f', 'k': 'k',
'p': 'p', 's': 's', 'š': 'ʃ', 't': 't', 'ť': 'c'}
voiceless_voice = {'c': 'd͡z', 'č': 'd͡ʒ', 'f': 'v', 'k': 'ɡ', 'p': 'b',
's': 'z', 'š': 'ʒ', 't': 'd', 'ť': 'ɟ'}
# exceptions
vowel_prefixes = ('nade', 'obe', 'pode', 'roze', 'se', 've', 'ná',
'vze', 'ze', 'ne', 'vele', 'ante', 'de', 'pre', 're',
'vice', 'na', 'za', 'leda', 'pa', 'pra', 'sotva', 'ana',
'dia', 'extra', 'hepta', 'hexa', 'infra', 'intra',
'kontra', 'meta', 'para', 'supra', 'tetra', 'ultra',
'mimo', 'okolo', 'polo', 'skoro', 'alo', 'hetero',
'homo', 'hypo', 'iso', 'kvadro', 'makro', 'mezzo',
'mikro', 'proto', 'pseudo', 'retro', 'mono', 'mili',
'kilo', 'zá')
# TODO: foreign words
# split on clauses
text = text.replace('...', '.')
parts = re.split(r'[,;\.\!\?\"\-\–$]', text)
delimiters = [l for l in text if l in ',;.!?"-–']
# transcript clauses
transcripted_parts = list()
for part in parts:
# check input
if not part:
transcripted_parts.append('')
continue
# prepare text to list of letters to transcript
part = part.lower().strip()
part = part.replace('ch', 'A').replace('dz', 'B').replace('dž', 'C')
digraphs = {'A': 'ch', 'B': 'dz', 'C': 'dž'}
part = list(part)
for l in range(len(part)):
if part[l] in digraphs:
part[l] = digraphs[part[l]]
# transcripted input
ipa = [l for l in part]
# find out intervals for neutralization and assimilation
posit_vowel = [-1] + [i for i in range(len(part)) if part[i] in vowels]
posit_sonor = [i for i in range(len(part)) if part[i] in sonors]
# neutralization
j = posit_vowel[-1]
if posit_sonor and posit_sonor[-1] > posit_vowel[-1]:
j = posit_sonor[-1]
i = len(part) - 1
while i > j:
if part[i] in voice_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
elif part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
elif part[i] in sonors:
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]]
i -= 1
# transctiption and assimilation
while posit_vowel:
i, k = j, j
j = posit_vowel.pop()
voice = None # assimil. type (N=uknown, T=voice, F=voiceless)
while i > j:
# transcription of vowels
if part[i] in vowels:
# diphtongs ou, eu, au
if part[i] in 'aeo' and len(part) > i+1 \
and part[i+1] == 'u':
test = [True if p == ''.join(part[i+1-len(p):i+1])
else False
for p in vowel_prefixes]
if any(test):
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' ʔ'
else:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + 'u̯'
ipa[i+1] = ''
# diphtongs ia, ie, iu
elif (part[i] == 'i' and i < len(part) - 1 and
part[i+1] in 'aeu'):
test = [True if p == ''.join(part[i+1-len(p):i+1])
else False
for p in vowel_prefixes]
if any(test):
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]] + ' ʔ'
else:
ipa[i] = 'i̯' + ipa[i+1]
ipa[i+1] = ''
# otherwise
else:
ipa[i] = vowels[part[i]]
# initial of word (glotal plosive)
if i == 0 or part[i-1] == ' ' and part[i-2] in vowels:
ipa[i] = 'ʔ ' + ipa[i]
# transcription of sonors and consonants
elif k != i:
# sonors
if part[i] in sonors:
voice = None
# nn
if part[i] == 'n' and part[i+1] == 'n':
ipa[i] = ''
# nk, ng
elif part[i] == 'n' and part[i+1] in 'kg':
ipa[i] = 'ŋ'
# ni, ní, ne, nie, niu, nia
elif part[i] == 'n' and part[i+1] in 'eií':
ipa[i] = 'ɲ'
# li, lí, le, lie, liu, lia
elif part[i] == 'l' and part[i+1] in 'eií':
ipa[i] = 'ʎ'
# mv, mf
elif part[i] == 'm' and part[i+1] in 'vf':
ipa[i] = 'ɱ'
# otherwise
else:
ipa[i] = sonors[part[i]]
# kk
elif part[i] == 'k' and part[i+1] == 'k':
ipa[i] = ''
# choose type of assimilation
elif voice is None:
# voiced
if part[i] in voice_voice:
voice = True
# v
if part[i] == 'v':
voice = None
# di, dí, de, dia, die, diu
elif part[i] == 'd' and part[i+1] in 'iíe':
ipa[i] = 'ɟ'
# otherwise
else:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
# voiceless
elif part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
voice = False
# ti, tí, te, tia, tie, tiu
if part[i] == 't' and part[i+1] in 'iíe':
ipa[i] = 'c'
# otherwise
else:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
# assimilation
else:
# voiced group
if voice is True and part[i] in voice_voice:
ipa[i] = voice_voice[part[i]]
elif voice is True and part[i] in voiceless_voice:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voice[part[i]]
# voiceless group
elif voice is False and part[i] in voice_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voice_voiceless[part[i]]
elif voice is False and part[i] in voiceless_voiceless:
ipa[i] = voiceless_voiceless[part[i]]
i -= 1
# clean empty cells and save transcripted clauses
ipa = list(filter(None, ipa))
transcripted_parts.append(ipa)
# return transcripted text
transcripted_parts = [' '.join(part) for part in transcripted_parts]
transcripted = ''
i = 0
while i < len(delimiters):
transcripted += transcripted_parts[i] + delimiters[i]
i += 1
if i < len(transcripted_parts):
transcripted += transcripted_parts[-1]
transcripted = re.sub(r'\.|\?|\!|\;|\"', ' || ', transcripted)
transcripted = re.sub(r'\,|\-|\–', ' | ', transcripted)
return transcripted
# running script if it is used in shell (with stdin or path to file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
if not sys.stdin.isatty(): # read from stdin
for line in sys.stdin:
print(ipa_slovak(line.strip()), sep='\t')
else: # read from file
if len(sys.argv) == 2:
with open(sys.argv[1], mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
for line in f:
print(ipa_slovak(line.strip()), sep='\t')
else:
print('Error: Use script in pipeline or give the path '
'to the relevant file in the first argument.')