Handle DATE data type in the backend

[kgodey]

This issue is to ensure that Mathesar can handle the Postgres DATE data type.

As part of this issue, we need to ensure that:

• Users can use the API to change a column to DATE if it's possible to do so.
• Automatic type inference during file import suggests DATE when it makes sense to do so.
  • We could use something like https://dateparser.readthedocs.io/

Additional Context

• Implementation for date & time types #250 (parent issue)
• See PR Extend the v0/databases/'s types list to show both Mathesar and DB type information. #368 for code that calculates which types are allowed for a column.
• This issue was previously specced out in Controlled casting for dates, times, and timestamps #128