Ensemble tranform Kalman inversion

[eviatarbach]

I somehow made some mistake with the branches and closed the last PR, #320, and couldn't reopen it. This should be ready to merge. Closes #324.

Scaling test timings

For Julia v1 tests outputs:

ETKI with 10 observations took 0.013366613000000005 seconds.
ETKI with 100 observations took 0.026825424999999983 seconds.
ETKI with 1000 observations took 0.17781986400000005 seconds.
ETKI with 10000 observations took 1.249208766 seconds.

[odunbar]

LGTM! Please merge, I'm happy to bypass that specific codecov warning.

For future reference, I added the timings from the ubuntu runtests.jl into the PR message

[eviatarbach]

bors r+

[bors]

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