ALX Project: C - Binary trees

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At the core of this project is Binary trees and its applications. All through the project; binary,tree traversal,binary search, max binary heap trees were implemented. I gained a deep understanding about their implemetations and usage.

• Binary trees provide a flexible and efficient structure for organizing and manipulating data, making them valuable in a wide range of applications.

• Binary trees are hierarchical data structures that consist of nodes. Each node in a binary tree contains a value and has at most two child nodes: a left child and a right child. The left child node is smaller than the parent node, while the right child node is greater. This property makes binary trees useful for efficient searching, insertion, and deletion operations.

Project requirement 🧰☑️

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a) All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using gcc, using the options -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89.

b) The binary trees code must use the Betty style. It will be checked using betty-style.pl and betty-doc.pl.

c) No more than 5 functions per file.

d) The prototypes of all your functions should be included in your header file called binary_trees.h.

e) The header files(binary_trees.h) should be include guarded and pushed.

Header file 📂

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binary_trees.h: Header file containing definitions and prototypes for all types and functions written for the project.

Data Structures

struct binary_tree_s
{
    int n;
    struct binary_tree_s *parent;
    struct binary_tree_s *left;
    struct binary_tree_s *right;
};

typedef struct binary_tree_s binary_tree_t;
typedef struct binary_tree_s bst_t;
typedef struct binary_tree_s avl_t;
typedef struct binary_tree_s heap_t;

Function Prototypes

File	Prototype
binary_tree_print.c	void binary_tree_print(const binary_tree_t *tree)
0-binary_tree_node.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_node(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
1-binary_tree_insert_left.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_insert_left(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
2-binary_tree_insert_right.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_insert_right(binary_tree_t *parent, int value);
3-binary_tree_delete.c	void binary_tree_delete(binary_tree_t *tree);
4-binary_tree_is_leaf.c	int binary_tree_is_leaf(const binary_tree_t *node);
5-binary_tree_is_root.c	int binary_tree_is_root(const binary_tree_t *node);
6-binary_tree_preorder.c	void binary_tree_preorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
7-binary_tree_inorder.c	void binary_tree_inorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
8-binary_tree_postorder.c	void binary_tree_postorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
9-binary_tree_height.c	size_t binary_tree_height(const binary_tree_t *tree);
10-binary_tree_depth.c	size_t binary_tree_depth(const binary_tree_t *tree);
11-binary_tree_size.c	size_t binary_tree_size(const binary_tree_t *tree);
12-binary_tree_leaves.c	size_t binary_tree_leaves(const binary_tree_t *tree);
13-binary_tree_nodes.c	size_t binary_tree_nodes(const binary_tree_t *tree);
14-binary_tree_balance.c	int binary_tree_balance(const binary_tree_t *tree);
15-binary_tree_is_full.c	int binary_tree_is_full(const binary_tree_t *tree);
16-binary_tree_is_perfect.c	int binary_tree_is_perfect(const binary_tree_t *tree);
17-binary_tree_sibling.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_sibling(binary_tree_t *node);
18-binary_tree_uncle.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_uncle(binary_tree_t *node);
100-binary_trees_ancestor.c	binary_tree_t *binary_trees_ancestor(const binary_tree_t *first, const binary_tree_t *second);
101-binary_tree_levelorder.c	void binary_tree_levelorder(const binary_tree_t *tree, void (*func)(int));
102-binary_tree_is_complete.c	int binary_tree_is_complete(const binary_tree_t *tree);
103-binary_tree_rotate_left.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_rotate_left(binary_tree_t *tree);
104-binary_tree_rotate_right.c	binary_tree_t *binary_tree_rotate_right(binary_tree_t *tree);
110-binary_tree_is_bst.c	int binary_tree_is_bst(const binary_tree_t *tree);
111-bst_insert.c	bst_t *bst_insert(bst_t **tree, int value);
112-array_to_bst.c	bst_t *array_to_bst(int *array, size_t size);
113-bst_search.c	bst_t *bst_search(const bst_t *tree, int value);
114-bst_remove.c	bst_t *bst_remove(bst_t *root, int value);
120-binary_tree_is_avl.c	int binary_tree_is_avl(const binary_tree_t *tree);
121-avl_insert.c	avl_t *avl_insert(avl_t **tree, int value);
122-array_to_avl.c	avl_t *array_to_avl(int *array, size_t size);

• To represent a binary tree in C, we typically use a struct to define the structure of a node:

struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* left;
    struct Node* right;
};

In this example, each __node __ contains an integer value (data) and two pointers (left and right) to its left and right child nodes. If a child node is missing, the corresponding pointer is set to NULL.

To create a new node, we can allocate memory using the malloc() function and initialize its values:

struct Node* createNode(int value) {
    struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    newNode->data = value;
    newNode->left = NULL;
    newNode->right = NULL;
    return newNode;
}