ApiRouter

apirouter provides a lightning fast RESTful api router.

Motivation

When developing server-side applications, it is necessary to provide RESTful APIs. I would like to have a library:

Simple: focus on path parameter extraction and routing
Fast: better performance

aero performance is good, but it's more like a framwork. httprouter functions are focusing, but its performance is mediocre.

I had to write one myself as an exercise

Features

Best Performance: Benchmarks speak for themselves
Compatibility with the http.Handler interface
Named parameters, regular expressions parameters and wildcard parameters
Support gRPC RESTful api style
Smart prioritized routes
No allocations, matching and retrieve parameters don't allocates.

Installing

Get package:

go get -u github.com/cnotch/apirouter

Import it in your code:

import "github.com/cnotch/apirouter"

Usage

It is recommended to work with http.ServeMux to take advantage of the standard library.

Make a new router:
```
r := apirouter.New(
	apirouter.API("GET","/",func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params){
		fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello")
	}),
)
```
Remember that HTTP methods are case-sensitive and uppercase by convention (RFC 7231 4.1).
So you can directly use the built-in shortcuts for standard HTTP methods, such as apirouter.GET...
Give the router to the server:
```
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)
```

Precedence example

On the example below the router will test the routes in the following order, /users/list then /users/:id=^\d+$ then /users/:id then /users/*page.

r:= apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/users/:id",...),
	apirouter.GET(`/users/:id=^\d+$`,...),
	apirouter.GET("/users/*page",...),
	apirouter.GET("/users/list",...),
)

Pattern Styles

Default style

On the example below the router will use default style.

r:= apirouter.New(
	apirouter.API("GET", `/user/:id=^\d+$/books`,h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/user/:id",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/user/:id/profile/:theme",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/images/*file",h),
)

Default sytle syntax:

Pattern		= "/" Segments
Segments	= Segment { "/" Segment }
Segment		= LITERAL | Parameter
Parameter	= Anonymous | Named
Anonymous	= ":" | "*"
Named		= ":" FieldPath [ "=" Regexp ] | "*" FieldPath
FieldPath	= IDENT { "." IDENT }

gRPC style

On the example below the router will use gRPC style.

r:= apirouter.NewForGRPC(
	apirouter.API("GET", `/user/{id=^\d+$}/books`,h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/user/{id}",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/user/{id}:verb",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/user/{id}/profile/{theme}",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/images/{file=**}",h),
	apirouter.API("GET", "/images/{file=**}:jpg",h),
)

gRPC sytle syntax:

Pattern		= "/" Segments [ Verb ] ;
Segments	= Segment { "/" Segment } ;
Segment		= LITERAL | Parameter
Parameter	= Anonymous | Named
Anonymous	= "*" | "**"
Named		= "{" FieldPath [ "=" Wildcard ] "}"
Wildcard	= "*" | "**" | Regexp
FieldPath	= IDENT { "." IDENT } ;
Verb		= ":" LITERAL ;

Parameters

The value of parameters is saved as a Params. The Params is passed to the Handler func as a third parameter.

If the handler is registered with Handle or HandleFunc, it is stored in request's context and can be accessed by apirouter.PathParams.

Named

A named parameter begins with : and matches any value until the next / or end of path.

Example, with a parameter id:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/streams/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of stream #%s", id)
	}),

	apirouter.HandleFunc("GET","/users/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		ps := apirouter.PathParams(r.Context())
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),
)

If you don't need to retrieve the parameter value by name, you can omit the parameter name:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET(`/users/:`, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.Value(0)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),
)

A parameter can be used on the same level as a static route, without conflict:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/users/admin", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		fmt.Fprint(w, "admin page")
	}),

	apirouter.GET("/users/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),
)

Regular expressions

If a parameter must match an exact pattern (digits only, for example), you can also set a regular expression constraint just after the parameter name and =:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET(`/users/:id=^\d+$`, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),
)

NOTE: No more than 256 different regular expressions are allowed.

WARN: Regular expressions can significantly reduce performance.

A parameter with a regular expression can be used on the same level as a simple parameter, without conflict:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/users/admin", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		fmt.Fprint(w, "admin page")
	}),

	apirouter.GET(`/users/:id=^\d+$`, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),

	apirouter.GET("/users/:id", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		id := ps.ByName("id")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Page of user #%s", id)
	}),
)

Wildcard

Wildcard parameters match anything until the path end, not including the directory index (the '/' before the '*'). Since they match anything until the end, wildcard parameters must always be the final path element.

The rest of the request path becomes the parameter value of *:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/files/*filepath", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		filepath := ps.ByName("filepath")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Get file %s", filepath)
	}),
)

Deeper route paths with the same prefix as the wildcard will take precedence, without conflict:

// Will match:
// 	/files/one
// 	/files/two
// 	...
r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/files/:name", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		name := ps.ByName("name")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Get root file #%s", name)
	}),
)

// Will match:
// 	/files/one/...
// 	/files/two/...
// 	...
r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/files/*filepath", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		filepath := ps.ByName("filepath")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Get file %s", filepath)
	}),
)

// Will match:
// 	/files/movies/one
// 	/files/movies/two
// 	...
r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.GET("/files/movies/:name", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps apirouter.Params) {
		name := ps.ByName("name")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Get movie #%s", name)
	}),
)

Static files

For serving static files, like for the standard net/http.ServeMux, just bring your own handler.

Example, with the standard net/http.FileServer:

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.Handle("GET","/static/*filepath", 
		http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("static")))),
)

Custom "not found" handler

When a request match no route, the response status is set to 404 and an empty body is sent by default.

But you can set your own "not found" handler.
In this case, it's up to you to set the response status code (normally 404):

r:=apirouter.New(
	apirouter.NotFoundHandler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		http.NotFound(w, r)
	})),
)

Work with "http.Handler"

You can use Handle and HandleFunc to register the Handler for the standard library(http.Handler or http.HandlerFunc)

NOTE: Since the Handler using the standard library needs to add a new context to the Request, performance can suffer.

Benchmarks

Environment

goos: darwin
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/julienschmidt/go-http-routing-benchmark

Single Route

BenchmarkAero_Param               	23004813	        52.7 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_Param          	26834293	        44.4 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_Param              	  908820	      1292 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_Param                	13086147	        86.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_Param         	  458750	      2508 ns/op	    1280 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_Param        	 1760046	       669 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_Param         	10678444	       106 ns/op	      32 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_Param5              	15816512	        78.6 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_Param5         	18431535	        64.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_Param5             	  771405	      1506 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_Param5               	 7365034	       155 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_Param5        	  323251	      3662 ns/op	    1344 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_Param5       	 1602684	       749 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_Param5        	 3771800	       313 ns/op	     160 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_Param20             	32261661	        36.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_Param20        	 7118907	       167 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_Param20            	  375331	      3003 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_Param20              	 2895128	       418 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_Param20       	  137173	      8534 ns/op	    3451 B/op	      12 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_Param20      	 1000000	      1073 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_Param20       	 1000000	      1041 ns/op	     640 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_ParamWrite          	13136160	        91.3 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_ParamWrite     	13807000	        87.0 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_ParamWrite         	  866906	      1367 ns/op	     360 B/op	       4 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_ParamWrite           	 8124031	       149 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_ParamWrite    	  436358	      2580 ns/op	    1280 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_ParamWrite   	  576049	      1839 ns/op	     976 B/op	       8 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_ParamWrite    	 8232554	       140 ns/op	      32 B/op	       1 allocs/op

GithubAPI Routes: 203

   Aero: 472856 Bytes
   ApiRouter: 93488 Bytes
   Beego: 150936 Bytes
   Gin: 58512 Bytes
   GorillaMux: 1322784 Bytes
   GowwwRouter: 80008 Bytes
   HttpRouter: 37096 Bytes

BenchmarkAero_GithubStatic        	22771987	        52.7 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GithubStatic   	39730426	        30.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GithubStatic       	  981472	      1285 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GithubStatic         	11793066	       104 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubStatic  	  216598	      5578 ns/op	     976 B/op	       9 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubStatic 	15343174	        77.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubStatic  	24002008	        43.5 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_GithubParam         	10279070	       115 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GithubParam    	14197182	        81.4 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GithubParam        	  760636	      1438 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GithubParam          	 6255403	       191 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubParam   	  143298	      8273 ns/op	    1296 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubParam  	 1589114	       762 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubParam   	 4567689	       265 ns/op	      96 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_GithubAll           	   52720	     22547 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GithubAll      	   68655	     17286 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll          	    4044	    302730 ns/op	   71457 B/op	     609 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll            	   27684	     43329 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll     	     294	   3991615 ns/op	  251654 B/op	    1994 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubAll    	   10000	    157336 ns/op	   72144 B/op	     501 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll     	   23086	     53009 ns/op	   13792 B/op	     167 allocs/op

GPlusAPI Routes : 13

   Aero: 26840 Bytes
   ApiRouter: 32240 Bytes
   Beego: 10272 Bytes
   Gin: 4384 Bytes
   GorillaMux: 66208 Bytes
   GowwwRouter: 5744 Bytes
   HttpRouter: 2760 Bytes

BenchmarkAero_GPlusStatic         	29943988	        40.5 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GPlusStatic    	53868162	        21.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GPlusStatic        	  868545	      1224 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GPlusStatic          	14917767	        77.6 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GPlusStatic   	  634068	      1913 ns/op	     976 B/op	       9 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GPlusStatic  	38727555	        31.8 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GPlusStatic   	43723036	        26.8 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_GPlusParam          	17498322	        67.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GPlusParam     	20866016	        58.5 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GPlusParam         	  925665	      1356 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GPlusParam           	 9070120	       132 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GPlusParam    	  352827	      3254 ns/op	    1280 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GPlusParam   	 1751876	       686 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GPlusParam    	 6812570	       172 ns/op	      64 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_GPlus2Params        	12382214	       101 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GPlus2Params   	12620882	        93.6 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GPlus2Params       	  826052	      1454 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GPlus2Params         	 6700472	       176 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GPlus2Params  	  198207	      6134 ns/op	    1296 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GPlus2Params 	 1663504	       730 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GPlus2Params  	 5834750	       207 ns/op	      64 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_GPlusAll            	 1000000	      1008 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_GPlusAll       	 1336905	       900 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_GPlusAll           	   63999	     17971 ns/op	    4576 B/op	      39 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_GPlusAll             	  672241	      1871 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GPlusAll      	   22963	     51314 ns/op	   16112 B/op	     128 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GPlusAll     	  139518	      8636 ns/op	    4752 B/op	      33 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GPlusAll      	  465562	      2384 ns/op	     640 B/op	      11 allocs/op

ParseAPI Routes: 26

   Aero: 29304 Bytes
   ApiRouter: 38928 Bytes
   Beego: 19280 Bytes
   Gin: 7776 Bytes
   GorillaMux: 105880 Bytes
   GowwwRouter: 9344 Bytes
   HttpRouter: 5024 Bytes

BenchmarkAero_ParseStatic         	25968115	        44.8 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_ParseStatic    	48030700	        26.1 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_ParseStatic        	  917887	      1268 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_ParseStatic          	14337064	        83.1 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_ParseStatic   	  560444	      2351 ns/op	     976 B/op	       9 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_ParseStatic  	36622987	        33.5 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_ParseStatic   	44521252	        28.2 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_ParseParam          	19545406	        61.8 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_ParseParam     	20230845	        62.7 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_ParseParam         	  892608	      1352 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_ParseParam           	12509785	        98.8 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_ParseParam    	  409419	      2631 ns/op	    1280 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_ParseParam   	 1781226	       682 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_ParseParam    	 7534678	       157 ns/op	      64 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_Parse2Params        	16480020	        71.3 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_Parse2Params   	17407262	        69.9 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_Parse2Params       	  758266	      1398 ns/op	     352 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_Parse2Params         	 9756090	       123 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_Parse2Params  	  424528	      3090 ns/op	    1296 B/op	      10 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_Parse2Params 	 1712110	       691 ns/op	     432 B/op	       3 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_Parse2Params  	 6507544	       185 ns/op	      64 B/op	       1 allocs/op

BenchmarkAero_ParseAll            	  689119	      1761 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_ParseAll       	  942591	      1302 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_ParseAll           	   35602	     33737 ns/op	    9152 B/op	      78 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_ParseAll             	  364644	      3346 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_ParseAll      	   10000	    101224 ns/op	   30288 B/op	     250 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_ParseAll     	   87921	     13179 ns/op	    6912 B/op	      48 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_ParseAll      	  406630	      2940 ns/op	     640 B/op	      16 allocs/op

Static Routes: 157

   Aero: 34824 Bytes
   ApiRouter: 29040 Bytes
   Beego: 98456 Bytes
   Gin: 34936 Bytes
   GorillaMux: 585632 Bytes
   GowwwRouter: 24968 Bytes
   HttpRouter: 21680 Bytes

BenchmarkAero_StaticAll           	  108292	     10464 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkApiRouter_StaticAll      	  203727	      5969 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkBeego_StaticAll          	    5949	    225294 ns/op	   55265 B/op	     471 allocs/op
BenchmarkGin_StaticAll            	   42675	     28789 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkGorillaMux_StaticAll     	    1035	   1068733 ns/op	  153236 B/op	    1413 allocs/op
BenchmarkGowwwRouter_StaticAll    	   59713	     20066 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op
BenchmarkHttpRouter_StaticAll     	   96944	     12553 ns/op	       0 B/op	       0 allocs/op

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 26 Commits
.gitignore		.gitignore
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
README_cn.md		README_cn.md
go.mod		go.mod
go.sum		go.sum
interceptor.go		interceptor.go
interceptor_test.go		interceptor_test.go
options.go		options.go
params.go		params.go
pattern.go		pattern.go
router.go		router.go
router_test.go		router_test.go
tree.go		tree.go

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Repository files navigation

ApiRouter

Motivation

Features

Installing

Usage

Precedence example

Pattern Styles

Default style

gRPC style

Parameters

Named

Regular expressions

Wildcard

Static files

Custom "not found" handler

Work with "http.Handler"

Benchmarks

Environment

Single Route

GithubAPI Routes: 203

GPlusAPI Routes : 13

ParseAPI Routes: 26

Static Routes: 157

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cnotch/apirouter

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Repository files navigation

ApiRouter

Motivation

Features

Installing

Usage

Precedence example

Pattern Styles

Default style

gRPC style

Parameters

Named

Regular expressions

Wildcard

Static files

Custom "not found" handler

Work with "http.Handler"

Benchmarks

Environment

Single Route

GithubAPI Routes: 203

GPlusAPI Routes : 13

ParseAPI Routes: 26

Static Routes: 157

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