CI: Update MariaDB versions (#6426)

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|      Q       |   A
|------------- | -----------
| Type         | improvement
| Fixed issues | N/A <!-- use #NUM format to reference an issue -->

#### Summary

Improve the CI to cover newer versions of MariaDB 11.4+.

Also cover the quay.io/mariadb-foundation/mariadb-devel images from
https://quay.io/repository/mariadb-foundation/mariadb-devel?tab=tags
where they are updated with completed, reviewed and tested changes in
the MariaDB server main branch.

These are completed features/bug fixes in the next server version. As
such this is a good thing to test before the users get the final
product.

ref:
https://mariadb.org/new-service-quay-io-mariadb-foundation-mariadb-devel/

The test failures here are fixed by #6425.

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.github/workflows/continuous-integration.yml

@@ -317,16 +317,16 @@ jobs:
             mariadb-version: "10.6"
             extension: "pdo_mysql"
           - php-version: "8.2"
-            mariadb-version: "11.2"
+            mariadb-version: "11.4"
             extension: "mysqli"
           - php-version: "8.2"
-            mariadb-version: "11.2"
+            mariadb-version: "11.4"
             extension: "pdo_mysql"
           - php-version: "8.3"
-            mariadb-version: "11.2"
+            mariadb-version: "11.4"
             extension: "mysqli"
           - php-version: "8.3"
-            mariadb-version: "11.2"
+            mariadb-version: "11.4"
             extension: "pdo_mysql"
 
     services:
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ jobs:
           MYSQL_DATABASE: "doctrine_tests"
 
         options: >-
-          --health-cmd "mariadb-admin ping --silent || mysqladmin ping --silent"
+          --health-cmd "healthcheck.sh --connect --innodb_initialized || mysqladmin ping --protocol tcp --silent"
 
         ports:
           - "3306:3306"