consolidate cuda_suffixed=false blocks in dependencies.yaml, fix update-version.sh

[jameslamb]

Contributes to rapidsai/build-planning#31.

Follow-up to #1364.

Implements some of the suggestions made in rapidsai/cudf#16183 (after #1364 was already merged):

• removing cuda_suffixed: "false" blocks in dependencies.yaml wherever they're identical to each other and the fallback matrix
• changing dependencies.yaml anchors with names like *_conda to *_unsuffixed, to reflect the fact that they're not conda-specific
• checking that update-version.sh catches all changes to versions

Notes for Reviewers

How I tested this

Looked for update-versions.sh issues manually like this:

git fetch upstream --tags
ci/release/update-version.sh '24.10.0'
git grep -E '24\.8|24\.08|0\.39'

The did find a few problems (like UCX dependency versions not being updated). This fixes those issues.

[jameslamb]

/merge