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An extra article on Googles big FLoC'ing ad problem, and another major reason why you shouldn't use Google Chrome.

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seanpm2001/What-the-FLoC


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Translations in languages other than English are machine translated and are not yet accurate. No errors have been fixed yet as of February 5th 2021. Please report translation errors here make sure to backup your correction with sources and guide me, as I don't know languages other than English well (I plan on getting a translator eventually) please cite wiktionary and other sources in your report. Failing to do so will result in a rejection of the correction being published.

Note: due to limitations with GitHub's interpretation of markdown (and pretty much every other web-based interpretation of markdown) clicking these links will redirect you to a separate file on a separate page that isn't my GitHub profile page. You will be redirected to the seanpm2001/seanpm2001 repository, where the README is hosted.

Translations are done with Google Translate due to limited or no support for the languages I need in other translation services like DeepL and Bing Translate (pretty ironic for an anti-Google campaign) I am working on finding an alternative. For some reason, the formatting (links, dividers, bolding, italics, etc.) is messed up in various translations. It is tedious to fix, and I do not know how to fix these issues in languages with non-latin characters, and right to left languages (like Arabic) extra help is needed in fixing these issues

Due to maintenance issues, many translations are out of date and are using an outdated version of this README article file. A translator is needed. Also, as of April 9th 2021, it is going to take me a while to get all the new links working.


What the FLoC

Problems with Googles big FLoCing ad problem and another major reason why you should stop using Google Chrome

Google_Chrome_icon_(September_2014).svg

This is an article on the problems with Googles FLoC spyware system, which is included into Google Chrome, and also why you should stop using Google Chrome due to other big privacy problems. I don't feel like anyone should be using Chrome in 2021, or want to use it, as every other modern web browser has succeeded Chrome on its many issues. Chrome has become the new Internet Explorer 6. It is time for the next browser to take over. This article will help you make your choice (if you haven't already)


Index

00.0 - Top

00.1 - Read this article in a different language

00.2 - Title

00.2.1 - Subtitle

00.3 - Index

01.0 - Overview

02.0 - FLoCking to FLoC

02.1 - What browsers support FLoC

02.2 - What browsers decline suppport for FLoC

03.0 - FLoC workarounds

03.1 - The real solution

04.0 - How FLoC works

05.0 - Privacy

06.0 - Other things to check out

07.0 - Extra sources

08.0 - Article info

08.0.1 - Software status

08.0.2 - Sponsor info

09.0 - File history

10.0 - Footer

10.9 - End of file


Overview

Google FLoC (Federated Learning of Cohorts) is Googles new spyware system to replace HTTP/browser cookies, which are going obsolete. This solution is ineffective, and highly dangerous, due to how much data it collects and who it shares it with (all your personal info will be shared with any Google site you visit)

General description from the English Wikipedia

Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC) is a type of web tracking through federated learning.
It groups people based on their browsing history for the purpose of interest-based advertising.
Google began testing the technology in the Chrome browser in the second quarter of 2021 as a replacement for third-party cookies, which it plans to stop supporting in Chrome by late 2021 or early 2022.
FLoC is being developed as a part of Google's Privacy Sandbox Initiative, which includes several other advertising-related technologies with bird-themed names.
As of April 2021, every browser based on Google's open-source Chromium platform (other than Google Chrome) had declined to implement FLoC, including Microsoft Edge and Opera.

FLoCking to FLoC

What browsers support FLoC

  1. Google/Google Chrome

  2. Google/Google Chromium

Total: 2 web browsers

What browsers decline suppport for FLoC

The following browser developers have done the right thing and refused to implement FLoC in their browsers:

  1. Mozilla/Firefox

  2. Microsoft/Edge

  3. Microsoft/Internet Explorer 11

  4. Vivaldi/Vivaldi

  5. DuckDuckGo/DuckDuckGo browser

  6. Apple/Safari

  7. Tor/Tor browser

  8. Ecosia/Ecosia browser

  9. Brave/Brave browser

  10. Opera software/Opera

  11. Seamonkey Council/Seamonkey

  12. Cake technologies/Cake browser

  13. And pretty much every browser develop (excluding Google)


FLoC workarounds

By default, Google FLoC cannot be turned off, no matter what you do. It doesn't matter if you opt out, it doesn't matter if you live in Switzerland or the middle of the Atlantic Ocean on a boat, FLoC is always on if you have Chrome installed.

FLoC has already been exploited before its full release. DuckDuckGo has a working system that blocks FLoC within Google Chrome, which is no easy feat for anything privacy related.

The real solution

The real solution to FLoC is to tell Google no, and delete Google Chrome (extremely difficult to do on Android) and switch to a browser that cares about its users freedoms and privacy. Read more on why you should stop using Google Chrome


How FLoC works

Excerpt from the [English Wikipedia] on April 19th 2021:

The Federated Learning of Cohorts analyzes users' online activity within the browser, and generates a "cohort ID" using the SimHash algorithm to group a given user with other users who access similar content. Websites are then able to access the cohort ID using an API and determine what advertisements to serve. Google does not label cohorts based on interest beyond grouping them and assigning an ID, so advertisers need to determine the user types of each cohort on their own.

The process used to generate cohorts without sending user browsing data outside the device is similar to the method behind Google's predictive keyboard.


Privacy

Google has a very very bad record when it comes to user privacy. (I could go on and on with evidence of this, but it took a long time to find and go through all these articles)

No matter what you do, when you are using Chrome, all of your sensitive personal data is being sent to Google and others. Google has also been spotted going through open programs. For example, from personal experience (on Firefox) with a YouTube tab open that I didn't visit, I watched several videos offline (VLC Media Player) Later when I went to check the recommendations, it was nearly everything that I had watched. There is no doubt they are spying on other programs too.

In Chrome (and many other browsers) an incognito mode is present. In Chrome, this mode is pointless, as Google will still mine your data. Even if you turn data mining/tracking off, and enable the "do not track" signal, surprise suprise, Google is still mining your data.

Using DuckDuckGo to protect your privacy on Chrome only helps for what you search, but Google will still mine your data, so it isn't as effective.

If you think you have nothing to hide, you are absolutely wrong. This argument has been debunked many times over:

Via Wikipedia

  1. Edward Snowden remarked "Arguing that you don't care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don't care about free speech because you have nothing to say. "When you say, ‘I have nothing to hide,’ you’re saying, ‘I don’t care about this right.’ You’re saying, ‘I don’t have this right, because I’ve got to the point where I have to justify it.’ The way rights work is, the government has to justify its intrusion into your rights."

  2. Daniel J. Solove stated in an article for The Chronicle of Higher Education that he opposes the argument; he stated that a government can leak information about a person and cause damage to that person, or use information about a person to deny access to services even if a person did not actually engage in wrongdoing, and that a government can cause damage to one's personal life through making errors. Solove wrote "When engaged directly, the nothing-to-hide argument can ensnare, for it forces the debate to focus on its narrow understanding of privacy. But when confronted with the plurality of privacy problems implicated by government data collection and use beyond surveillance and disclosure, the nothing-to-hide argument, in the end, has nothing to say."

  3. Adam D. Moore, author of Privacy Rights: Moral and Legal Foundations, argued, "it is the view that rights are resistant to cost/benefit or consequentialist sort of arguments. Here we are rejecting the view that privacy interests are the sorts of things that can be traded for security." He also stated that surveillance can disproportionately affect certain groups in society based on appearance, ethnicity, sexuality, and religion.

  4. Bruce Schneier, a computer security expert and cryptographer, expressed opposition, citing Cardinal Richelieu's statement "If one would give me six lines written by the hand of the most honest man, I would find something in them to have him hanged", referring to how a state government can find aspects in a person's life in order to prosecute or blackmail that individual. Schneier also argued "Too many wrongly characterize the debate as 'security versus privacy.' The real choice is liberty versus control."

  5. Harvey A. Silverglate estimated that the common person, on average, unknowingly commits three felonies a day in the US.

  6. Emilio Mordini, philosopher and psychoanalyst, argued that the "nothing to hide" argument is inherently paradoxical. People do not need to have "something to hide" in order to hide "something". What is hidden is not necessarily relevant, claims Mordini. Instead, he argues an intimate area which can be both hidden and access-restricted is necessary since, psychologically speaking, we become individuals through the discovery that we could hide something to others.

  7. Julian Assange stated "There is no killer answer yet. Jacob Appelbaum (@ioerror) has a clever response, asking people who say this to then hand him their phone unlocked and pull down their pants. My version of that is to say, 'well, if you're so boring then we shouldn't be talking to you, and neither should anyone else', but philosophically, the real answer is this: Mass surveillance is a mass structural change. When society goes bad, it's going to take you with it, even if you are the blandest person on earth."

  8. Ignacio Cofone, law professor, argues that the argument is mistaken in its own terms because, whenever people disclose relevant information to others, they also disclose irrelevant information. This irrelevant information has privacy costs and can lead to other harms, such as discrimination.


Other things to check out

The Google Graveyard (killedbygoogle.com) - a sorted list of the 224+ products Google has killed

GitHub link

Alphabet worker union - The new workers union at Google with over 800 members

Don't want to part with the dinosaur easter egg? This website has you covered

There are other alternates, just search for them.


Extra sources

1 - The Verge: privacy ad in Google Chrome are about to become a big FLoCIng problem

2 - Wired.co.uk - Googles rivals are fighting against Googles new cookie plans

3 - WSJ - Five things we know about Google ad changes after cookies

4 - Papers.ssrn - Antitrust charges

5 - The Verge - No-one is Flocking to Googles FLoC

6 - EFF (Electronic Frontiers Foundation) - Google's FLoC is a terrible idea

7 - Papers.ssrn - Take a dive into Googles cookie ban

8 - Adexchanger - "The Industry Reacts To Google's Bold Claim That FLoCs Are 95% As Effective As Cookies"

9 - Itega - "EFF technologist cites Google "breach of trust" on FLoC; key ad-tech change agent departs IAB Tech Lab"

10 - The Verge - DuckDuckGo promises to block Google's latest ad tracking...

11 - The All I need - DuckDuckGo can now block Googles FLoC

12 - DuckDuckGo - Use extension to block FLoC

13 - ZDNet 0 FLoC off: Vivaldi declares as it says no to Googles Tracking system

14 - Windows Central - Microsoft, Vivaldi, Mozilla, and other browser makers turn down Googles FLoC

15 - Request another source here


Article info

File type: Markdown (*.md)

File version: 1 (Monday, April 19th 2021 at 5:12 pm)

Line count (including blank lines and compiler line): 379

Software status

All of my works are free some restrictions. DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) is not present in any of my works.

DRM-free_label.en.svg

This sticker is supported by the Free Software Foundation. I never intend to include DRM in my works.

I am using the abbreviation "Digital Restrictions Management" instead of the more known "Digital Rights Management" as the common way of addressing it is false, there are no rights with DRM. The spelling "Digital Restrictions Management" is more accurate, and is supported by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) and the Free Software Foundation (FSF)

This section is used to raise awareness for the problems with DRM, and also to protest it. DRM is defective by design and is a major threat to all computer users and software freedom.

Image credit: defectivebydesign.org/drm-free/...

Sponsor info

SponsorButton.png <-- Don't click this button, it doesn't work, it is just an image. The real button is at the top of the page in the right (<- L R ->) corner

You can sponsor this project if you like, but please specify what you want to donate to. See the funds you can donate to here

You can view other sponsor info here

Try it out! The sponsor button is right up next to the watch/unwatch button.


File history

Version 0.1 (Sunday, March 21st 2021 at 7:50 pm)

Changes:

  • Started the file
  • Added the title section
  • Added the index
  • Added the about section
  • Added the Wiki section
  • Added the version history section
  • Added the issues section.
  • Added the past issues section
  • Added the past pull requests section
  • Added the active pull requests section
  • Added the contributors section
  • Added the contributing section
  • Added the about README section
  • Added the README version history section
  • Added the resources section
  • Added a software status section, with a DRM free sticker and message
  • Added the sponsor info section
  • No other changes in version 0.1

Version 1 (Monday, April 19th 2021 at 5:12 pm)

Changes:

  • Added the overview section
  • Added the FLoCking to FLoC section
  • Added the What browsers support FLoC subsection
  • Added the What browsers decline support for FLoC subsection
  • Added the FLoC workarounds section
  • Added the real solution subsection
  • Added the How FLoC works section
  • Added the privacy section
  • Updated the index
  • Removed the issues section and its 3 subsections
  • Removed the contributors section and the contributing section
  • Added a language selector
  • Started the article
  • Added sources
  • Updated the title
  • Referenced the Google Chrome icon
  • Added the extra sources section
  • No other changes in version 1

Version 2 (Coming soon)

Changes:

  • Coming soon
  • No other changes in version 2

Footer

You have reached the end of this file!

EOF