Programming Concepts

Workshop "Programming Languages & Concepts -> The Big View"

Basic concepts

• variables / types
• functions

Statement control

• if / else / switch => conditions
• for / while => loop
• try / catch => error handling

Data structures

• array
• lists
• tree
• graph

Object Oriented Programming

• modules
• objects
• classes
• attributes
• methods

Languages

http://james-iry.blogspot.fr/2009/05/brief-incomplete-and-mostly-wrong.html

Web developers

• JavaScript -> Web Frontend | Backend
• PHP -> Web Backend (Wordpress / Facebook / Wikipedia)
• Python -> Web Backend | Scripting | Small software -> NASA | Google / Mozilla | Instagram
• Ruby -> Web Backend | Scripting | Small software -> GitHub | Twitter | Basecamp
• Perl -> Scripting | REGEX

System administrators

• Bourne Shell (Bash) -> Scripting
• SQL -> Databases

Systeme & Software Programming

• C -> Software : fast | system wide => UNIX / Linux code & culture
• C++ -> Software : // + big / organized with Objects
• Java | Web Backend (Google) | Android Apps / Twitter
• C# | Java of Microsoft => Big softwares for enterprises (like Java)
• VB (Microsoft Language) => Small software
• Go (Google Language) => To remplace old C
• Swift (Apple Language) => iPhone apps

Scientifics stuffs

• R statistics
• ML language family
• Lisp / Scheme

Old school languages

• Delphi
• Pascal
• Fortran
• BASIC
• COBOL

Declarative / Descriptive languages (without logic)

• HTML
• CSS
• Markdoww
• YAML
• PDF
• DOCX (XML)
• SVG
• PSD
• STL

Library / Framework

Frontend

• Bootstrap (Less / Sass)
• jQuery (JavaScript)
• React
• Angular.js

Backend

• Node.js (JavaScript)
• Symphony (PHP)
• Laravel (PHP)
• Silex (PHP)
• Ruby on rails (Ruby)
• Django (Python)
• Flask (Python)

Tools

• Vim
• Git

Paradigm: Object Oriented / Imperative

Objects oriented

• C++
• C#
• Java
• Python
• Ruby
• PHP
• JS (really simple objects)

Without objects

• C
• Shell
• Old languages

High level (automated memory management) => Slow / Simple | Interpreted

• Javascript (browser / node)
• Ruby (software)
• Python (//)
• PHP (//)

var foo = "hello";
var bar = 42;

Explicit Typing (Integer / Float / String / Boolean) | VM running bitecode

• C#
• Java

string foo = "hello";
int bar = 42;

Low level (manual memory management) => Fast / Complex | Compiled

• C
• C++

Assembler languages (depend of architecture)

• x86 -> Intel Processor
• MIPS -> Modem
• LLVM